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The church is located in Borgo Santo Spirito on the Janiculum hill, about 9 m above street level and a few steps from Piazza di San Pietro. The foundation of the church of S. Michele e Magno is unknown, but the shape and architecture of the 6-storey bell tower indicate that the preserved building with its east-facing apse dates back to the 12th century. An epigraph, perhaps commissioned by the canons of St. Peter's Basilica on the occasion of the first Holy Year (1300) to instruct pilgrims, tells the founding legend: the Frisians who fell against the Saracens in battle would be buried in caves near Nero's palace (on the Janiculum promontory), and Charlemagne would have St. Michael's church built over their graves. During the course of these battles, three Frisians and a Frisian nun would take the body of St. Magnus with them from Fondi and, by divine order, transfer one arm to Frisia, leaving the other relics of the body in the church in Rome. Furthermore, the Frisians would have shown heroism in defending the pope. With this inscription, the intention was probably to link the foundation of the Church more credibly to the name of Charlemagne and the heroic deeds of the Frisians. However, these fictional adventures have little to do with historical reality. Perhaps the early medieval church was damaged by Robert Guiscard's troops in 1084. Pope Innocent II consecrated a new three-aisled basilica in 1141, which was submitted to the chapter of St. Peter in 1198. The church was completely transformed into a late Baroque building in 1757; an analysis of the structures in 1998 brought to light some of the 14 columns (7 on each side) with their Corinthian spolia capitals and the remains of the impost of the medieval nave arches.