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The Pantheon, probably built under Trajan, was consecrated as a church by Pope Boniface IV (608-614), with its round niche facing south used as an apse. Almost none of the furnishings of the early church have survived, apart from the encaustic icon of the Virgin Mary, believed to be a portrait by the hand of St. Luke the Evangelist. The consecration of an altar to St Lawrence under Pope Innocent III is recorded in 1209. In 1270, the canons jointly donated a bell tower and bells, which were erected above the ridge of the roof of the pronaos. During the same period, the interior was probably renovated, of which the altar ciborium is documented in a drawing and in some preserved fragments. The signature of Stephanus Magius with the date 1270, once found in the floor of the presbytery, may be connected to this work. Under Pope Innocent VIII (1484-1492), the presbytery plutei were renewed, re-using 6 porphyry columns from the medieval pergula. In the 17th century, under Popes Urban VIII and Alexander VII, the pronaos was restored by removing the medieval structures and integrating the entablature of the left corner of the portico; the bell tower from 1270 was also demolished. On the attic, two turrets were placed behind the roof of the pronaos, which were in turn demolished in 1883. In 1711, under Pope Clement XI, the ciborium and pergola were removed as part of a Baroque renovation of the liturgical furnishings.

Abb. 323-MariaRotondaPantheon_002.jpgDownload
Rom, Pantheon/S. Maria Rotonda, Innenansicht mit antikem Paviment (Foto Tuminello um 1900, Archiv Claussen)
© Claussen, Peter Cornelius
BY-NC-SA 4.0
Abb. 324-MariaRotondaPantheon_003.tifDownload
Rom, Pantheon/S. Maria Rotonda, Zeichnung des Vorplatzes im Codex Escurialensis, Colecciones del Real Monasterio, Biblioteca real, Codex Escurialensis, fol. 43v. (Ausschnitt nach Egger/Hülsen/Michaelis 1906)
BY-NC-SA 4.0
Abb. 327-MariaRotondaPantheon_006.tifDownload
Pantheon/S. Maria Rotonda, Säulen des Pronaos mit Einlassungsspuren für Scherwände und Portalrahmen (Foto BHR Fotothek)
BY-NC-SA 4.0
Abb. 330-MariaRotondaPantheon_009.tiffDownload
Alò Giovannoli, Vedute degli antichi vestigj di Roma, 1616, Taf. 65, Radierung des Pantheons, nach einer ca. 100 Jahre älteren Vorlage (Giovannoli 1616)
BY-NC-SA 4.0
Abb. 331-MariaRotondaPantheon_010.tifDownload
E. Dupérac, Ansicht des Pantheon, nach Dupérac, Vestigi (1575), Taf. 35, Ausschnitt (BHR Fotothek)
BY-NC-SA 4.0
Abb. 332-MariaRotondaPantheon_011.JPGDownload
Rom, Pantheon/S. Maria Rotonda, Stifterinschrift für den Turm 1270, eingemauert rechts neben dem Hauptportal (Foto Claussen 2013)
© Claussen, Peter Cornelius
BY-NC-SA 4.0
Abb. 333-MariaRotondaPantheon_012.jpgDownload
Rom, Pantheon/S. Maria Rotonda, Fragment einer Schranke mit Inschrift (Foto Claussen 2013)
© Claussen, Peter Cornelius
BY-NC-SA 4.0
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Rom, Pantheon/S. Maria Rotonda, Zeichnung des Ziboriums und der Altarumgebung. Mailand, Civico Gabinetto dei Disegni, Collezione Sardini Martinelli, Inv.Nr. V, fol. 99r (nach Nesselrath 2003)
© Nesselrath, Arnold
BY-NC-SA 4.0
Abb. 337-MariaRotondaPantheon_016.tifDownload
Rom, Pantheon/S. Maria Rotonda, Stich von G. Tiburtio Vergelli da Recanati und Pietro Paolo Girelli (1692) mit Schnitt durch das Pantheon (nach Pasquali 1996)
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Abb. 338-MariaRotondaPantheon_017.jpgDownload
Rom, Pantheon/S. Maria Rotonda, Bruchstücke des Ziboriums, die im Lapidarium der Basilica di Netunno lagern, Dachplatte und polygonaler Ring (Foto Claussen 2013)
© Claussen, Peter Cornelius
BY-NC-SA 4.0
Abb. 339-MariaRotondaPantheon_018.jpgDownload
Rom, Pantheon/S. Maria Rotonda, Bruchstücke des Ziboriums, die im Lapidarium der Basilica di Netunno lagern, Säulchen der Dachgeschosse des Ziboriums (Foto Claussen 2013)
© Claussen, Peter Cornelius
BY-NC-SA 4.0
Abb. 340-MariaRotondaPantheon_019.jpgDownload
Rom, Pantheon/S. Maria Rotonda, Knauf des Ziboriums (Foto Claussen 2013)
© Claussen, Peter Cornelius
BY-NC-SA 4.0
Abb. 341-MariaRotondaPantheon_020.jpgDownload
Rom, Pantheon/S. Maria Rotonda, Bruchstücke der Architrave des Ziboriums, die auf den Kopf gestellt im Lapidarium der Basilica di Netunno lagern (Foto Claussen 2013)
© Claussen, Peter Cornelius
BY-NC-SA 4.0
Abb. 343-MariaRotondaPantheon_023.jpgDownload
Rom, Pantheon/S. Maria Rotonda, Fragment der mittelalterlichen Innenausstattung im Lapidarium der Basilica di Netunno, Inkrustationsmuster mit Mosaikfüllung (Foto Claussen 2013)
© Claussen, Peter Cornelius
BY-NC-SA 4.0
Taf. 31-MariaRotondaPantheon_022.jpgDownload
Rom, Pantheon/S. Maria Rotonda, Fragment der Altarumgebung im Lapidarium der Basilica di Netunno (Foto Claussen 2013)
© Claussen, Peter Cornelius
BY-NC-SA 4.0
Taf. 32-MariaRotondaPantheon_026.tifDownload
Rom, Pantheon/S. Maria Rotonda, moderner Altar für die Ikone in der Sakristei, als Träger sind die mittelalterlichen Säulchen des Tabernakels wiederverwendet (Foto Claussen 2013)
© Claussen, Peter Cornelius
BY-NC-SA 4.0
Number in map
71
Church name
S. Maria Rotonda (Pantheon)
Existing
Coordinates
41.89864, 12.4768
Address
Piazza della Rotonda
Rione
Pigna (IX)
Nolli's map #
837
Chronology
first half 13th century
Keywords
Pantheon, Pope Boniface IV, icon, Pope Innocent III, bell tower, pronaos, pergula, ciborium, signature, Stephanus Magius, Pope Urban VIII, Pope Clement XI.
Research status
Completed
Authors
Claussen, Peter Cornelius
PDF download
2D