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S. Maria Egiziaca was originally a pseudoperipteros from the late Republican period with a north-facing façade. It is unclear how the temple was used after the official ban on pagan cults and when it was transformed into a space for Christian worship. Before it was converted into a church, an intermediate floor was installed, as shown by the beam holes visible inside the east and west walls. The building may have previously served as a storage room. First records of the church were found in an inscription from the 9th century, now lost, which together with fragments of frescoes testify to its use as a place of worship from at least the 9th century. The only apparatus that can be attributed with certainty to the Middle Ages is a tabernacle from the 13th century. A fresco fragment at the top of the south wall, probably originally part of a Last Judgement scene, may have been created in the 11th or 12th century.